Spring 2006 Seminar
February 28 - May 16 (Tuesdays, 8 - 9:30 a.m.)

To survey the current state of knowledge about the biology of psychopathology. Primary realms of psychopathology to be covered include depression, anxiety, psychopathology, addiction, and schizophrenia. Both central and peripheral mechanisms will be considered in our attempts to convey what is known about the key biological systems involved in the various forms of psychopathology. Key conceptual issues relating to emotion, diagnosis, and psychopathology will be major themes throughout the course. Biological perspectives on developmental psychopathology and treatment will also be addressed.

The seminars are designed to be interactive. One or two readings are required each week. Because there are so many additional readings that are excellent and highly relevant, they have been included below the required readings. Review articles are identified with an asterisk.

Instructors:

Heather C. Abercrombie
Phone: 3-6126
Email: hcabercr@wisc.edu

Jack B. Nitschke
Phone: 3-6083
Email: jnitschke@wisc.edu

Required Readings:

February 28, Class 1: Biological perspectives on the psychopathology: Introduction and overview

Miller, G.A. & Keller, J. (2000). Psychology and neuroscience: Making peace. Current Directions in Psychological Science, 9, 212-215.

Kosslyn, S.M., Cacioppo, J.T., Davidson, R.J., Hugdahl, K., Lovallo, W.R., Spiegel, D., & Rose, R. (2002). Bridging psychology and biology: The analysis of individuals in groups. American Psychologist, 57, 341-351.

Class 1 Recommended Readings

Dalgleish, T. (2004) The emotional brain. Nature Reviews Neuroscience, 5, 582-589.

Sapolsky, R.M. (2003). Taming stress. Scientific American, 289, 86-95.

Class 2 Recommended Readings

March 14, Class 3: Anxiety: Functional neuroanatomy

Davis, M. (1998). Are different parts of the extended amygdala involved in fear versus anxiety? Biological Psychiatry, 44, 1239-1247.

Class 3 Recommended Readings

March 21, Class 4: Anxiety: Mechanisms of treatment

Davis, M., Myers, K.M., Ressler, K.J., & Rothbaum, B.O. (2005). Facilitation of extinction of conditioned fear by D-cycloserine: Implications for psychotherapy. Current Directions in Psychological Science, 14, 214-219.

Class 4 Recommended Readings

March 28, Class 5: Depression: Functional neuroanatomy

Seminowicz, D.A., Mayberg, H.S., McIntosh, A.R., Goldapple, K., Kennedy, S., Segal, Z., & Rafi-Tari, S. (2004). Limbic-frontal circuitry in major depression: A path modeling meta-analysis, Neuroimage, 22, 409-418.

Class 5 Recommended Readings

April 4, Class 6: Depression: LHPA axis

Gold, P.W., Drevets, W.C., & Charney, D.S. (2002). New insights into the role of cortisol and the glucocorticoid receptor in severe depression. Biological Psychiatry, 52, 381-385.

Class 6 Recommended Readings

April 11, Class 7: Depression: Mechanisms of treatment

Belanoff, J.K., Rothschild, A.J., Cassidy, F., DeBattista, C., Baulieu E.-E., Schold, C., & Schatzberg A.F. (2002). An open label trial of C-1073 (mifepristone) for psychotic major depression. Biological Psychiatry, 52, 386-392.

Siegle, G.J., Carter, C.S., & Thase, M.E. (2006). Use of fMRI to predict recovery from unipolar depression with cognitive behavior therapy. American Journal of Psychiatry, 163, 735-738.

Class 7 Recommended Readings

April 18, Class 8: Biological perspectives on schizophrenia (Michael Peterson: guest lecturer)

Sawa, A. & Snyder, S.H. (2002). Schizophrenia: Diverse approaches to a complex disease. Science, 26, 692-695.

Corfas, G., Roy, K., & Buxbaum, J.D. (2004). Neuregulin 1-erbB signaling and the mollecular/cellular basis of schizophrenia. Nature Neuroscience, 7, 575-580.

Class 8 Recommended Readings

April 25, Class 9: Biological perspectives on addiction, food intake and related disorders (Brian Baldo: guest lecturer)

Kelley, A.E. & Berridge, K.C. (2002). The neuroscience of natural rewards: Relevance to addictive drugs. Journal of Neuroscience, 22, 3306-3311.

Hanlon E.C., Baldo B.A., Sadeghian K., & Kelley A.E. (2004). Increases in food intake or food-seeking behavior induced by GABAergic, opioid, or dopaminergic stimulation of the nucleus accumbens: Is it hunger?. Psychopharmacology, 172, 241-7.

Class 9 Recommended Readings

May 2, Class 10: Biological perspectives on psychopathy (Joe Newman: guest lecturer)

Blair, R.J.R. (2005). Applying a cognitive neuroscience perspective to the disorder of psychopathy. Development and Psychopathology, 17, 865-891.

Class 10 Recommended Readings

May 9, Class 11: Biological perspectives on developmental psychopathology

Ernst, M., Pine, D.S., & Hardin, M. (2006). Triadic model of the neurobiology of motivated behavior in adolescence. Psychological Medicine, 36, 299-312.

Class 11 Recommended Readings

May 16, Class 12: Biological perspectives on psychopathology: Synthesis and review

Miresco, M.J. & Kirmayer, L.J. (2006). The persistence of mind-brain dualism in psychiatric reasoning about clinical scenarios. The American Journal of Psychiatry, 163, 913-918.

Class 12 Recommended Readings

Recommended Readings:

February 28, Class 1: Biological perspectives on the psychopathology: Introduction and overview (recommended readings)

Davidson, R.J. (1997). The proper role of psychology in psychopathology research: Four noble truths. Psychopathology Research, 8, 1-9.

Miller, G.A. (1996). How we think about cognition, emotion, and biology in psychopathology. Psychophysiology, 33, 615-628.

Hyman, S.E. (2003). Diagnosing disorders. Scientific American, 289, 96-103.

Weiss, P.A. (1967). One plus one does not equal two. In: G.C. Quarton, T. Melnechuk, & F.O. Schmitt (Eds.), The Neurosciences: A Study Program (pp. 801-821). New York: Rockefeller University Press.

Gage, F.H. (2003). Brain, repair yourself. Scientific American, 289, 46-53.

Holloway, M. (2003). The mutable brain. Scientific American, 289, 78-85.

Class 1 Required Readings

March 7, Class 2: Key biological systems and methods in emotion: Functional neuroanatomy and LHPA axis (recommended readings)

Functional neuroanatomy:

Davidson, R.J., Jackson, D.C., & Kalin, N.H. (2000). Emotion, plasticity, context, and regulation: Perspectives from affective neuroscience. Psychological Bulletin, 126, 890-909.

Davis, M., & Whalen, P.J. (2001). The amygdala: Vigilance and emotion. Molecular Psychiatry, 6, 13-34.

Nitschke, J.B., Sarinopoulos, I., Mackiewicz, K.L., Schaefer, H.S., & Davidson, R.J. (2006). Functional neuroanatomy of aversion and its anticipation. NeuroImage, 29, 106-116.

Rolls, E.T. (2004) The functions of the orbitofrontal cortex. Brain & Cognition, 55, 11-29.

Gusnard, D.A. & Raichle, M.E. (2001). Searching for a baseline: Functional imaging and the resting human brain. Nature Reviews Neuroscience, 2, 685-94.

Davidson, R.J. (2000). Affective style, psychopathology, and resilience: Brain mechanisms and plasticity. American Psychologist, 55, 1196-1214.

Davidson, R.J., & Irwin, W. (1999). The functional neuroanatomy of emotion and affective style. Trends in Cognitive Science, 3, 11-21.

Hariri, A.R., Mattay, V.S., Tessitore, A.D., Kolachana, B., Fera, F., Goldman, D., Egan, M.F., & Weinberger, D.R. (2002). Serotonin transporter genetic variation and the response of the human amygdala. Science, 297, 400-403.

Damasio, A.R. (1994). Descartes' error: Emotion, reason, and the human brain. New York: Avon.

LeDoux, J.E. (1996). The emotional brain. New York: Simon and Schuster.

LeDoux, J.E. (2002). Synaptic self: How our brains become who we are. New York: Viking.

Rolls, E.T. (1999). The brain and emotion. New York: Oxford University Press.

Raison, C.L. & Miller, A.H. (2003). When not enough is too much: The role of insufficient glucocorticoid signaling in the pathophysiology of stress-related disorders. American Journal of Psychiatry, 160, 1554-65.

Levine, S. (2000). Influence of psychological variables on the activity of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis. European Journal of Pharmacology, 405, 149-160.

Dickerson, S.S. & Kemeny, M.E. (2004). Acute stressors and cortisol responses: A theoretical integration and synthesis of laboratory research. Psychological Bulletin, 130, 355-391.

Gould, E. & Tanapat, P. (1999). Stress and hippocampal neurogenesis. Biological Psychiatry, 46, 1472-1479.

Sapolsky, R.M., Krey, L.C., & McEwen, B.S. (1986). The neuroendocrinology of stress and aging: The glucocorticoid cascade hypothesis. Endocrine Reviews, 7, 284-301.

Sapolsky, R.M., Meaney, M.J., & McEwen, B.S. (1985). The development of the glucocorticoid receptor system in the rat limbic brain: III. Negative feedback regulation. Brain Research, 350, 169-173.

Sapolsky, R.M. (2000). Glucocorticoids and hippocampal atrophy in neuropsychiatric disorders. Archives of General Psychiatry, 57, 925-935.

McEwen, B.S. (1998). Protective and damaging effects of stress mediators. New England Journal of Medicine, 338, 171-179.

McEwen, B.S. (2000). Effects of adverse experience for brain structure and function. Biological Psychiatry, 48, 721-731.

Abercrombie, H.C., Kalin, N.H., & Davidson, R.J. (2005). Acute cortisol levels cause heightened arousal ratings of objectively nonarousing stimuli. Emotion, 5, 354-359.

Abercrombie, H.C., Speck, N.S., & Monticelli, R.M. (2006). Endogenous cortisol levels are related to memory facilitation only in individuals who are emotionally aroused. Psychoneuroendocrinology, 31, 187-196.

Okuda, S., Roozendaal, B., & McGaugh, J.L. (2004). Glucocorticoid effects on object recognition memory require training-associated emotional arousal. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 101, 853-858.

Class 2 Required Readings

March 14, Class 3: Anxiety: Functional neuroanatomy (recommended readings)

Nitschke, J.B. & Heller, W. (2002). The neuropsychology of anxiety disorders: Affect, cognition, and neural circuitry. In H. D'Haenen, J. A. den Boer, & P. Willner (Eds.), Biological Psychiatry (pp. 975-988). Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

Bakshi, V.P. & Kalin, N.H. (2000). Corticotropin-releasing hormone and animal models of anxiety: Gene-environment interactions. Biological Psychiatry, 48, 1175-1198.

Charney, D.S., Grillon, C.G., & Bremner, J.D. (1998). The neurobiological basis of anxiety and fear: Circuits, mechanisms, and neurochemical interactions (Part 1). Neuroscientist, 4, 35-44.

Charney, D.S., Grillon, C.G., & Bremner, J.D. (1998) The neurobiological basis of anxiety and fear: Circuits, mechanisms, and neurochemical interactions (Part 2). Neuroscientist, 4, 122-132.

Rauch, S.L., Savage, C.R., Alpert, N.M., Fischman, A.J., & Jenike, M.A. (1997). The functional neuroanatomy of anxiety: A study of three disorders using positron emission tomography and symptom provocation. Biological Psychiatry, 42, 446-452.

LeDoux, J.E. (1996). The emotional brain. New York: Simon and Schuster.

LeDoux, J.E. (2002). Synaptic self: How our brains become who we are. New York: Viking.

LeDoux, J. (1998). Fear and the brain: Where have we been, and where are we going? Biological Psychiatry, 44, 1229-1238.

Kalin, N.H., Shelton, S.E., Rickman, M., & Davidson, R.J. (1998). Individual differences in freezing and cortisol in infant and rhesus monkeys. Behavioral Neuroscience, 112, 286-292.

Kalin, N.H., Shelton, S.E., & Davidson, R.J. (2000). Cerebrospinal fluid corticotropin-releasing hormone levels are elevated in monkeys with patterns of brain activity associated with fearful temperament. Biological Psychiatry, 47, 579-585.

Kalin, N.H., Shelton, S.E., Davidson, R.J., & Kelley, A.E. (2001). The primate amygdala mediates acute fear but not behavioral and physiological components of anxious temperament. Journal of Neuroscience, 21, 2067-2074.

Grillon, C.G. (2002). Startle reactivity and anxiety disorders: Aversive conditioning, context, and neurobiology. Biological Psychiatry, 52, 958-975.

Class 3 Required Readings

March 21, Class 4: Anxiety: Mechanisms of treatment (recommended readings)

Kandel, E.R. (1998). A new intellectual framework for psychiatry. American Journal of Psychiatry, 155, 457-469.

Roffman, J.L., Marci, C.D., Glick, D.M., Dougherty, D.D., & Rauch, S.L. (2005). Neuroimaging and the functional nenroanatomy of psychotherapy. Psychological Medicine, 35, 1385-1398.

Ressler, K.J., Rothbaum, B.O., Tannenbaum, L., Anderson, P., Graap, K., Zimand, E., Hodges, L., & Davis, M. (2004). Cognitive enhancers as adjuncts to psychotherapy: Use of D-cycloserine in phobic individuals to facilitate extinction of fear. Archives of General Psychiatry, 61, 1136-1144.

Myers, K.M., & Davis, M. (2002). Behavioral and neural analysis of extinction. Neuron, 36, 567-584.

Milad, M.R., & Quirk, G.J. (2002). Neurons in medial prefrontal cortex signal memory for fear extinction. Nature, 420, 70-74.

Vermetten, E., Vythilingam, M., Southwick, S.M., Charney, D.S., & Bremner, J.D. (2003). Long-term treatment with paroxetine increases verbal declarative memory and hippocampal volume in posttraumatic stress disorder. Biological Psychiatry, 54, 693-702.

Hofmann, S.G., Meuret, A.E., Smits, J.A.J., Simon, N.M., Pollack, M.H., Eisenmenger, K., Shiekh, M., & Otto, M.W. (2006). Augmentation of exposure therapy with D-cycloserine for social anxiety disorder. Archives of General Psychiatry, 63, 298-304.

Wilhelm, F.H. & Roth, W.T. (1997). Acute and delayed effects of alprazolam on flight phobics during exposure. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 35, 831-841.

Class 4 Required Readings

March 28, Class 5: Depression: Functional neuroanatomy (recommended readings)

Davidson, R.J., Pizzagalli, D., Nitschke, J.B., & Putnam, K. (2002). Depression: Perspectives from affective neuroscience. Annual Review of Psychology, 53, 545-574.

Drevets, W.C. (2003). Neuroimaging abnormalities in the amygdala in mood disorders. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences, 98, 420-444.

Drevets, W.C. (2001). Neuroimaging and neuropathological studies of depression: Implications for the cognitive-emotional features of mood disorders. Current Opinion in Neurobiology, 11, 240-249.

Mayberg, H.S. (2003). Modulating dysfunctional limbic-cortical circuits in depression: Towards development of brain-based algorithms for diagnosis and optimized treatment. British Medical Bulletin, 65, 193-207.

Sheline, Y.I. (2003). Neuroimaging studies of mood disorder effects on the brain. Biological Psychiatry, 54, 338-352.

MacQueen, G.M., Campbell, S., McEwen, B.S., MacDonald, K., Amano, S., Joffe, R.T., Nahmias, C., & Young, L.T. (2003). Course of illness, hippocampal function, and hippocampal volume in major depression. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 1000, 1387-1392.

Hasler, G., Drevets, W.C., Manji, H.K., & Charney, D.S. (2004). Discovering endophenotypes for major depression. Neuropsychopharmacology, 29, 1765-1781.

Jacobs, B.L. (2004). Depression. The brain finally gets into the act. Current Directions in Psychological Science, 13, 103-106.

Duman, R.S. (2004). Depression: A case of neuronal life and death? Biological Psychiatry, 56, 140-145.

Henn, F.A. & Vollmayr, B. (2004) Neurogenesis and depression: Etiology or epiphenomenon? Biological Psychiatry, 56, 146-150.

Sapolsky, R.M. (2004). Is impaired neurogenesis relevant to the affective symptoms of depression? Biological Psychiatry, 56, 137-139.

Heller, W. & Nitschke, J.B. (1997). Regional brain activity in emotion: A framework for understanding cognition in depression. Cognition and Emotion, 11, 637-661.

Heller, W. & Nitschke, J.B. (1998). The puzzle of the regional brain activity in depression and anxiety: The importance of subtypes and comorbidity. Cognition and Emotion, 12, 421-447.

Davidson, R.J., Abercombie, H., Nitschke, J.B., & Putnam, K. (1999). Regional brain function, emotion and disorders of emotion. Current Opinion in Neurobiology, 9, 228-234.

Rajkowska, G. (2000). Postmortem studies in mood disorders indicate altered numbers on neurons and glial cells. Biological Psychiatry, 48, 766-777.

Caspi, A., Sugden, K., Moffitt, T.E., Taylor, A., Crag, I.W., Harrington, H., McClay, J., Mill, J., Martin, J., Braithwaite, A., & Poulton, R. (2003). Influence of life stress on depression: Moderation by a polymorphism in the 5-HTT gene, Science, 301, 386-389.

Carey, B. (2005, October 18). Can brain scans see depression? [Electronic version]. The New York Times, Section F, p. 1.

Class 5 Required Readings

April 4, Class 6: Depression: LHPA axis (recommended readings)

The following article is highly recommended:
Raison, C.L. & Miller, A.H. (2003). When not enough is too much: The role of insufficient glucocorticoid signaling in the pathophysiology of stress-related disorders. American Journal of Psychiatry, 160, 1554-65.

Parker, K.J., Schatzberg, A.F., & Lyons, D.M. (2003). Neuroendocrine aspects of hypercortisolism in depression. Hormones and Behavior, 43, 60-66.

Akil, H. (2005). Stressed and depressed. Nature Medicine, 11, 116-118.

Pariante, C.M. (2003). Depression, stress and the adrenal axis. Journal of Neuroendocrinology, 15, 811-812.

Sapolsky, R.M. (2003). Taming stress. Scientific American, 289, 86-95.

Belanoff, J.K., Rothschild, A.J., Cassidy, F., DeBattista, C., Baulieu E.-E., Schold, C., & Schatzberg A.F. (2002). An open label trial of C-1073 (mifepristone) for psychotic major depression. Biological Psychiatry, 52, 386-392.

Young, E.A., Lopez, J.F., Murphy-Weinberg, V., Watson, S. J., & Akil, H. (2003). Mineralocorticoid receptor function in major depression. Archives of General Psychiatry, 60, 24-28.

Young, E.A., Haskett, R.F., Murphy-Weinberg, V., Watson, S.J., & Akil, H. (1991). Loss of glucocorticoid fast feedback in depression. Archives of General Psychiatry, 48, 693-699.

Pariante, C.M., & Miller, A.H. (2002). Glucocorticoid receptors in major depression: Relevance to pathophysiology and treatment. Biological Psychiatry, 49, 391-404.

Gilbertson, M.W., Shenton, N.E., Cizewski, A., Kasai, K., Lasko, N.B., Orr, S.P., & Pitman, R.K. (2002). Smaller hippocampal volume predicts pathologic vulnerability to psychological trauma. Nature Neuroscience, 5, 1242-1247.

Sapolsky, R.M. (2002). Chickens, eggs, and hippocampal atrophy. Nature Neuroscience, 5, 1111-1113.

Meaney, M.J. (2001). Maternal care, gene expression, and the transmission of individual differences in stress reactivity across generations. Annual Review of Neuroscience, 24, 1161-1192.

Sapolsky, R.M. (2000). The possibility of neurotoxicity in the hippocampus in major depression: A primer on neuron death. Biological Psychiatry, 48, 755-765.

Drevets, W.C., Price, J.L., Bardgett, M.E., Reich, T., Todd, R.D., & Raichle, M.E. (2002). Glucose metabolism in the amygdala in depression: relationship to diagnostic subtype and plasma cortisol levels. Pharmacology, Biochemistry & Behavior, 71, 431-447.

Reul, J., & Holsboer, F. (2002). Corticotropin-releasing factor receptors 1 and 2 anxiety and depression. Current Opinion in Pharmacology, 2, 23-33.

Antonijevic, I.A. (2006). Depressive disorders--is it time to endorse different pathophysiologies. Psychoneuroendocrinology, 31, 1-15.

Class 6 Required Readings

April 11, Class 7: Depression: Mechanisms of treatment (recommended readings)

Effects of antidepressant medications on HPA, neurogenesis, & hippocampal volume:

*Pariante, C.M., Thomas, S.A., Lovestone, S., Makoff, A., & Kerwin, R.W. (2004). Do antidepressants regulate how cortisol affects the brain? Psychoneuroendocrinology, 29, 423-447.

Young, E.A., Altemus, M., Lopez, J.F., Kocsis, J.H., Schatzberg, A.F., deBattista, C., & Zubieta, J.-K. (2004). HPA axis activation in major depression and response to fluoxetine: A pilot study. Psychoneuroendocrinology, 29, 1198-1204.

Vermetten, E., Vythilingam, M., Southwick, S.M., Charney, D.S., & Bremner, J.D. (2003). Long-term treatment with paroxetine increases verbal declarative memory and hippocampal volume in posttraumatic stress disorder. Biological Psychiatry, 54, 693-702.

*Sapolsky, R.M. (2004). Is impaired neurogenesis relevant to the affective symptoms of depression? Biological Psychiatry, 56, 137-139.

*Duman, R.S. (2004). Depression: A case of neuronal life and death? Biological Psychiatry, 56, 140-145.

Glucocorticoid and antiglucocorticoid treatment of depression:

*Reus, V.I. & Wolkowitz, O.M. (2001). Antiglucocorticoid drugs in the treatment of depression. Expert Opinion on Investigational Drugs, 10, 1789-1796.

Wolkowitz, O.M. & Reus, V.I. (2003). Neurotransmitters, neurosteroids, and neurotrophins: New models of the pathophysiology and treatment of depression. World Journal of Biological Psychiatry, 4, 98-102.

Belanoff, J.K., Rothschild, A.J., Cassidy, F., DeBattista, C., Baulieu E.-E., Schold, C., & Schatzberg A.F. (2002). An open label trial of C-1073 (mifepristone) for psychotic major depression. Biological Psychiatry, 52, 386-392.

Regional brain activation and prediction of treatment response:

Siegle, G.J., Carter, C.S., & Thase, M.E. (2006). Use of fMRI to predict recovery from unipolar depression with cognitive behavior therapy. American Journal of Psychiatry, 163, 735-738.

Davidson, R.J., Irwin, W., Anderle, M.J., & Kalin, N.H. (2003). The neural substrates of affective processing in depressed patients treated with venlafaxine. American Journal of Psychiatry,160, 64-75.

Pizzagalli, D., Pascual-Marqui, R.D., Nitschke, J.B., Oakes, T.R., Larson, C.L., Abercrombie, H.C., Schaefer, S.M., Koger, J.V., Benca, R.M., & Davidson, R.J. (2001). Anterior cingulate activity as a predictor of degree of treatment response in major depression: Evidence from brain electrical tomography analysis. American Journal of Psychiatry, 158, 405-415.

Mayberg, H.S., Brannan, S.K., Mahurin, R.K., Jerabek, P.A., Brickman, J.S., Tekell, J.L., Silva, J.A., McGinnis, S., Glass, T.G., Martin, C.C., & Fox, P.T. (1997). Cingulate function in depression: A potential predictor of treatment response. NeuroReport, 8, 1057-1061.

The functional neuroanatomy of psychotherapy:

*Roffman, J.L., Marci, C.D., Glick, D.M., Dougherty, D.D., & Rauch, S.L. (2005). Neuroimaging and the functional neuroanatomy of psychotherapy. Psychological Medicine, 35, 1385-1398.

Goldapple, K., Segal, Z., Garson, C., Lau, M., Bieling, P., Kennedy, S., & Mayberg, H. (2004). Modulation of cortical-limbic pathways in major depression: Treatment-specific effects of cognitive behavior therapy. Archives of General Psychiatry, 61, 34-41.

Brody, A.L., Saxena, S., Stoessel, P., Gillies, L.A., Fairbanks, L.A., Alborzian, S., Phelps, N.E., Huang, S., Wu, H., Ho, M.L., Ho, M.K., Au, S.C., Maidment, K., & Baxter, L.R. (2001). Regional brain metabolic changes in patients with major depression treated with either paroxetine or interpersonal therapy: Preliminary findings. Archives of General Psychiatry, 159, 728-737.

Biological aspects of emotion regulation:

*Ochsner, K.N. & Gross, J.J. (2005). The cognitive control of emotion. Trends in Cognitive Science, 9, 242-249.

Ochsner, K., Bunge, S.A., Gross, J.J., & Gabrieli, J.D. (2002). Rethinking feelings: An FMRI study of the cognitive regulation of emotion. Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience, 14, 1215-1229.

Gross, J.J. (2002). Emotion regulation: Affective, cognitive, and social consequences. Psychophysiology, 39, 281-291.

Jackson, D.C., Malmstadt, J.R., Larson, C.L., & Davidson, R.J. (2000). Suppression and enhancement of emotional responses to unpleasant pictures. Psychophysiology, 37, 515-522.

Schaefer, S.M., Jackson, D.C., Davidson, R.J Aguirre, G.K., Kimberg, D.Y., & Thompson-Schill, S.L. (2002). Modulation of amygdalar activity by the conscious regulation of negative emotion. Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience, 14, 913-921.

Brown, L.L., Tomarken, A.J., Orth, D.N., Loosen, P.T., Kalin, N.H., & Davidson, R.J. (1996). Individual differences in repressive-defensiveness predict basal salivary cortisol levels. Journal of Personality of Social Psychology, 70, 362-371.

Combination medication & psychotherapy treatment:

Keller, M.B., McCullough, J.P., Klein, D.N., Arnow, B., Dunner, D.L., Gelenberg, A.J., Markowitz, J.C., Nemeroff, C.B., Russell, J.M., Thase, M.E., Trivedi, M.H., & Zajecka, J. (2000). A comparison of nefazodone, the cognitive behavioral-analysis system of psychotherapy, and their combination for the treatment of chronic depression. The New England Journal of Medicine, 342(20), 1462-1470.

Arnow, B.A. & Constantino, M.J. (2003). Effectiveness of psychotherapy and combination treatment for chronic depression. Journal of Clinical Psychology, 59, 893-905.

Electromagnetic brain stimulation techniques (rTMS, deep brain stimulation, vagus nerve stimulation, ECT):

*George, M.S. (2003). Stimulating the brain. Scientific American, 289, 66-73.

Mayberg, H.S., Lozano, A.M., Voon, V., McNeely, H.E., Seminowicz, D., Hamani, C., Schwalb, J.M., & Kennedy, S.H. (2005). Deep brain stimulation for treatment-resistant depression. Neuron, 45, 651-660.

Klein, E., Kreinin, I., Chistyakov, A., Koren, D., Mecz, L., Marmur, S., Ben-Shachar, D., & Feinsod, M. (1999). Therapeutic efficacy of right prefrontal slow repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation in major depression: A double-blind controlled study. Archives of General Psychiatry, 56, 315-320.

*George, M.S., Lisanby, S.H., & Sackeim, H.A. (1999). Transcranial magnetic stimulation: Applications in neuropsychiatry. Archives of General Psychiatry, 56, 300-311.

An often cited paper on guidelines for treatment research in Psychiatry:
*Kandel, E.R. (1998). A new intellectual framework for psychiatry. American Journal of Psychiatry, 155, 457-469.

Class 7 Required Readings

April 18, Class 8: Biological perspectives on schizophrenia (Giulio Tononi or Michael Peterson: guest lecturer) (recommended readings)

Stephan, K.E., Baldeweg, T., & Friston, K.J. (in press). Synaptic plasticity and dysconnection in schizophrenia. Biological Psychiatry.

Rapoport, J.L., Addington, A.M., Frangou, S., & Psych, M.R.C. (2005). The neurodevelopmental model of schizophrenia: Update 2005. Molecular Psychiatry, 10, 434-449.

Thaker, G.K. & Carpenter, W.T. (2001). Advances in schizophrenia. Nature Medicine, 7, 667-671.

Kuperberg, G. & Heckers, S. (2000). Schizophrenia and cognitive function. Current Opinion in Neurobiology, 10, 205-210.

Callicot, J.H. (2003). An expanded role for functional neuroimaging in schizophrenia. Current Opinion in Neurobiology, 13, 256-260.

Class 8 Required Readings

April 25, Class 9: Biological perspectives on addiction, food intake and related disorders (Anne Kelley or Brian Baldo: guest lecturer) (recommended readings)

Koob, G.F., Ahmed, S.H., Boutrel, B., Chen S.A., Kenny, P.J., Markou, A., O'Dell, L.E., Parsons, L.H., & Sanna, P.P. (2003). Neurobiological mechanisms in the transition from drug use to drug dependence. Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews, 27, 739-749.

Koob, G.F. & Le Moal, M. (2001). Drug addiction, dysregulation of reward, and allostasis. Neuropsychopharmacology, 24, 97-129.

Goldstein R.Z. & Volkow N.D. (2002). Drug addiction and its underlying neurobiological basis: neuroimaging evidence for the involvement of the frontal cortex. American Journal of Psychiatry, 159, 1642-52.

Klein D.A. & Walsh B.T. (2004). Eating disorders: clinical features and pathophysiology. Physiology & Behavior, 81, 359-74.

Kelley A.E. (2004). Ventral striatal control of appetitive motivation: role in ingestive behavior and reward-related learning. Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews, 27, 765-76.

Class 9 Required Readings

May 2, Class 10: Biological perspectives on psychopathy (Joe Newman: guest lecturer) (recommended readings)

Newman, J.P., Hiatt, K.D., & MacCoon, D.G. (in press). Cognitive and affective neuroscience in disinhibitory psychopathology: Summary and integration. In D. Barch (Ed.) Cognitive and Affective Neuroscience of Psychopathology, Oxford University Press.

Blair, R.J.R. (in press). Understanding the development of the psychopathic individual: An affective cognitive neuroscience approach. In D. Barch (Ed.) Cognitive and Affective Neuroscience of Psychopathology, Oxford University Press.

Ishikawa, S.S. & Raine, A. (in press). Contributions of prefrontal lobe subregions to antisocial and aggressive behavior. In D. Barch (Ed.) Cognitive and Affective Neuroscience of Psychopathology, Oxford University Press.

Class 10 Required Readings

May 9, Class 11: Biological perspectives on developmental psychopathology (recommended readings)

Forbes, E.E. & Dahl, R.E. (2005). Neural systems of positive affect: Relevance to understanding child and adolescent depression? Development and Psychopathology, 17, 827-850.

Thomas, K.M., Drevets, W.C., Dahl, R.E., Ryan, N.D., Birmaher, B., Eccard, C.H., Axelson, D., Whalen, P.J., & Casey, B.J. (2001). Amygdala response to fearful faces in anxious and depressed children. Archives of General Psychiatry, 58, 1057-1063.

Zahn-Waxler, C., Klimes-Doughan, B., & Slattery, M.J. (2000). Internalizing problems of childhood and adolescence: Prospects, pitfalls, and progress in understanding the development of anxiety and depression. Development and Psychopathology, 12, 443-466.

Buss, K.A., Malmstadt Schumacher, J.R., Dolski, I., Kalin, N.H., Goldsmith, H.H., & Davidson, R.J. (2003). Right frontal brain activity, cortisol, and withdrawal behavior in 6-month-old infants. Behavioral Neuroscience, 117, 11-20.

Schwartz, C.E., Wright, C.I., Shin, L.M., Kagan, J., & Rauch, S.L. (2003). Inhibited and uninhibited infants "grown up": Adult amygdalar response to novelty. Science, 300, 1952-1953.

Krause, K., Dresel, S.H., Krause, J., la Fougere, C., & Ackenheil, M. (2003). The dopamine transporter and neuroimaging in attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. Neuroscience and Behavioral Reviews, 27, 605-613.

Wilens, T.E., Biederman, J., & Spencer, T.J. (2002). Attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder across the lifespan. Annual Review of Medicine, 53, 113-131.

Mostofsky, S.H., Cooper, K.L., Kates, W.R., Denckla, M.B., & Kaufman, W.E. (2002). Smaller prefrontal and premotor volumes in boys with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. Biological Psychiatry, 52, 785-794.

Dalton, K.M., Nacewicz, B.M., Johnstone, T., Schaefer, H.S., Gernsbacher, M.A., Goldsmith, H.H., Alexander, A.L., & Davidson, R.J. (2005). Gaze fixation and the neural circuitry of face processing in autism. Nature Neuroscience, 8, 519-526.

Rutter, M. (2005). Aetiology of autism: Findings and questions. Journal of Intellectual Disability Research, 49, 231-238.

Coe, C.L., Kramer, M., Czeh, B., Gould, E., Reeves, A.J., Kirschbaum, C., & Fuchs, E. (2003). Prenatal stress diminishes neurogenesis in the dentate gyrus of juvenile rhesus monkeys. Biological Psychiatry, 54, 1025-1034.

Parker, K.J., Buckmaster, C.L., Schatzberg, A.F., & Lyons, D.M. (2004). Prospective investigation of stress inoculation in young monkeys. Archives of General Psychiatry, 61, 933-941.

Fries, A.B., Ziegler, T.E., Kurian, J.R., Jacoris, S., & Pollak, S.D. (2005). Early experience in humans is associated with changes in neuropeptides critical for regulating social behavior. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 102, 17237-17240.

Pollak, S.D. & Kistler, D.J. (2002). Early experience is associated with the development of categorical representations for facial expressions of emotion. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 99, 9072-9076.

Pollak, S.D. & Sinha, P. (2002). Effects of early experience in children's recognition of facial displays of emotion. Developmental Psychology, 38, 784-791.

McClure, E.B., Pope, K., Hoberman, A.J., Pine, D.S., & Leibenluft, E. (2003). Facial expression recognition in adolescents with mood and anxiety disorders. American Journal of Psychiatry, 160, 1172-1174.

Class 11 Required Readings

May 16, Class 12: Biological perspectives on psychopathology: Synthesis and review

Roffman, J.L., Simon, A.B., Prasad, K.M., Truman, C.J., Morrison, J., & Ernst, C.L. (2006). Neuroscience in psychiatry training: How much do residents need to know? The American Journal of Psychiatry, 163, 919-926.

Class 12 Required Readings

* indicates review article.

Other Readings:

Chang, K. (2006, April 7). Study, in a first, explains evolution's molecular advance. [Electronic version]. The New York Times, Section A, p. 21.

Bridgham, J.T., Carroll, S.M., & Thornton, J.W. (2006). Evolution of hormone-receptor complexity by molecular exploitation. Science, 312, 97-101.

Biology of Psychopathology Seminar syllabus, Fall 2003

Biology of Psychopathology Seminar syllabus, Fall 2004