Biology of Psychopathology Seminar

Fall 2004
September 21 - December 14


Purpose

To survey the current state of knowledge about the biology of psychopathology. Primary realms of psychopathology to be covered include depression, anxiety, psychopathology, addiction, and schizophrenia. Both central and peripheral mechanisms will be considered in our attempts to convey what is known about the key biological systems involved int he various forms of psychopathology. Key conceptual issues relating to emotion, diagnosis, and psychopathology will be major themes throughout the course. Biological perspectives on developmental psychopathology and treatment will also be addressed

The seminars are designed to be interactive. Two readings are required each week. Because there are so many additional readings that are excellent and highly relevant, they have been included below the two required readings, which are asterisked. We have listed the additional readings in order of importance and relevance.

Instructors:

Heather C. Abercrombie
Phone: 3-6126
Email: hcabercr@wisc.edu

Jack B. Nitschke
Phone: 3-6083
Email: jnitschke@wisc.edu


September 21, Class 1: Biological perspectives on the psychopathology: Introduction and overview

*Miller, G. A., & Keller, J. (2000). Psychology and neuroscience: Making peace. Current Directions in Psychological Science, 9, 212-215.

*Kosslyn, S. M., Cacioppo, J. T., & Davidson, R. J., Hugdahl, K., Lovallo, W.R., Spiegel, D., & Rose, R. (2002). Bridging psychology and biology: The analysis of individuals in groups. American Psychologist, 57, 341-351.

Davidson, R. J. (1997). The proper role of psychology in psychopathology research: Four noble truths. Psychopathology Research, 8, 1-9.

Miller, G. A. (1996). How we think about cognition, emotion, and biology in psychopathology. Psychophysiology, 33, 615-628.
Hyman, S.E. (2003). Diagnosing disorders. Scientific American, 289, 96-103.
Gage, F. H. (2003). Brain, repair yourself. Scientific American, 289, 46-53.
Holloway, M. (2003). The mutable brain. Scientific American, 289, 78-85.

September 28, Class 2: Key biological systems in emotion: Functional neuroanatomy and LHPA axis

Functional neuroanatomy

*Dalgleish, T. (2004) The emotional brain. Nature Reviews Neuroscience, 5, 582-589.

Davidson, R. J., Jackson, D.C., & Kalin, N. H. (2000). Emotion, plasticity, context, and regulation: Perspectives from affective neuroscience. Psychological Bulletin, 126, 890-909.

Davis, M., & Whalen, P. J. (2001). The amygdala: Vigilance and emotion. Molecular Psychiatry, 6, 13-34.

Rolls, E.T. (2004) The functions of the orbitofrontal cortex. Brain & Cognition, 55, 11-29.

Gusnard, D. A. & Raichle, M. E. (2001). Searching for a baseline: Functional imaging and the resting human brain. Nature Reviews Neuroscience, 2(10), 685-94.

Davidson, R. J. (2000). Affective style, psychopathology, and resilience: Brain mechanisms and plasticity. American Psychologist, 55, 1196-1214.

Davidson, R. J., & Irwin, W. (1999). The functional neuroanatomy of emotion and affective style. Trends in Cognitive Science, 3, 11-21.
Hariri, A. R., Mattay, V. S., Tessitore, A.D., Kolachana, B., Fera, F., Goldman, D., Egan, M. F., & Weinberger, D. R. (2002). Serotonin transporter genetic variation and the response of the human amygdala. Science, 297, 400-403.
Damasio, A. R. (1994). Descartes' error: Emotion, reason, and the human brain. New York: Avon.
LeDoux, J. E. (1996). The emotional brain. New York: Simon and Schuster.

LeDoux, J. E. (2002). Synaptic self: How our brains become who we are. New York: Viking.

Rolls, E. T. (1999). The brain and emotion. New York: Oxford University Press.

LHPA

*Raison, C. L. & Miller, A. H. (2003). When not enough is too much: The role of insufficient glucocorticoid signaling in the pathophysiology of stress-related disorders. American Journal of Psychiatry, 160, 1554-65.

Levine, S. (2000). Influence of psychological variables on the activity of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis. European Journal of Pharmacology, 405, 149-160.

Dickerson, S. S., & Kemeny, M. E. (2004). Acute stressors and cortisol responses: A theoretical integration and synthesis of laboratory research. Psychological Bulletin, 130, 355-391.

Gould, E., & Tanapat, P. (1999). Stress and hippocampal neurogenesis. Biological Psychiatry, 46, 1472-1479.

Sapolsky, R. M., Krey, L. C., & McEwen, B. S. (1986). The neuroendocrinology of stress and aging: The glucocorticoid cascade hypothesis. Endocrine Reviews, 7, 284-301.

Sapolsky, R.M., Meaney, M. J., & McEwen, B. S. (1985). The development of the glucocorticoid receptor system in the rat limbic brain: III. Negative feedback regulation. Brain Research, 350, 169-173.

Sapolsky, R. M. (2000). Glucocorticoids and hippocampal atrophy in neuropsychiatric disorders. Archives of General Psychiatry, 57, 925-935.

McEwen, B. S. (1998). Protective and damaging effects of stress mediators. New England Journal of Medicine, 338, 171-179.

McEwen, B. S. (2000). Effects of adverse experience for brain structure and function. Biological Psychiatry, 48, 721-731.

October 5, Class 3: Emotion regulation and dysregulation

*Myers, K. M., & Davis, M. (2002). Behavioral and neural analysis of extinction. Neuron, 36, 567-584.
*Ochsner, K., Bunge, S. A., Gross, J. J., & Gabrieli, J. D. (2002). Rethinking feelings: An FMRI study of the cognitive regulation of emotion. Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience, 14, 1215-1229.
Gross, J. J. (2002). Emotion regulation: Affective, cognitive, and social consequences. Psychophysiology, 39, 281-291.
Jackson, D.C., Malmstadt, J. R., Larson, C. L., & Davidson, R. J. (2000). Suppression and enhancement of emotional responses to unpleasant pictures. Psychophysiology, 37, 515-522.
Schaefer, S. M., Jackson, D.C., Davidson, R.J Aguirre, G. K., Kimberg, D. Y., & Thompson-Schill, S. L. (2002). Modulation of amygdalar activity by the conscious regulation of negative emotion. Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience, 14, 913-921.
Milad, M. R., & Quirk, G. J. (2002). Neurons in medial prefrontal cortex signal memory for fear extinction. Nature, 420, 70-74.
Brown, L. L., Tomarken, A. J., Orth, D. N., Loosen, P. T., Kalin, N. H., & Davidson, R. J. (1996). Individual differences in repressive-defensiveness predict basal salivary cortisol levels. Journal of Personality of Social Psychology, 70, 362-371.

October 12, Class 4: Basic and clinical neuroscience of fear and anxiety
*Davis, M. (1998). Are different parts of the extended amygdala involved in fear versus anxiety? Biological Psychiatry, 44, 1239-1247.
*Nitschke, J. B., & Heller, W. (2002). The neuropsychology of anxiety disorders: Affect, cognition, and neural circuitry. In H. D'Haenen, J. A. den Boer, & P. Willner (Eds.), Biological Psychiatry (pp. 975-988). Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

Bakshi, V. P., & Kalin, N. H. (2000). Corticotropin-releasing hormone and animal models of anxiety: Gene-environment interactions. Biological Psychiatry, 48, 1175-1198.

Charney, D. S., Grillon, C. G., & Bremner, J. D. (1998). The neurobiological basis of anxiety and fear: Circuits, mechanisms, and neurochemical interactions (Part 1). Neuroscientist, 4, 35-44.

Charney, D. S., Grillon, C. G., & Bremner, J. D. (1998) The neurobiological basis of anxiety and fear: Circuits, mechanisms, and neurochemical interactions (Part 2). Neuroscientist, 4, 122-132.
Rauch, S. L., Savage, C. R., Alpert, N. M., Fischman, A. J., & Jenike, M. A. (1997). The functional neuroanatomy of anxiety: A study of three disorders using positron emission tomography and symptom provocation. Biological Psychiatry, 42, 446-452.
LeDoux, J. E. (1996). The emotional brain. New York: Simon and Schuster.

LeDoux, J. E. (2002). Synaptic self: How our brains become who we are. New York: Viking.

LeDoux, J. (1998). Fear and the brain: Where have we been, and where are we going? Biological Psychiatry, 44, 1229-1238.

Kalin, N. H., Shelton, S.E., Rickman, M., & Davidson, R. J. (1998). Individual differences in freezing and cortisol in infant and rhesus monkeys. Behavioral Neuroscience, 112, 286-292.
Kalin, N. H., Shelton, S.E., & Davidson, R. J. (2000). Cerebrospinal fluid corticotropin-releasing hormone levels are elevated in monkeys with patterns of brain activity associated with fearful temperament. Biological Psychiatry, 47, 579-585.
Kalin, N. H., Shelton, S.E., davidson, R. J., & Kelley, A. E. (2001). The primate amygdala mediates acute fear but not behavioral and physiological components of anxious temperament. Journal of Neuroscience, 21, 2067-2074.
Grillon, C.G. (2002). Startle reactivity and anxiety disorders: Aversive conditioning, context, and neurobiology. Biological Psychiatry, 52, 958-975.

October 19, Class 5: Functional neuroanatomy of depression
*Davidson, R. J., Pizzagalli, D., Nitschke, J. B., & Putnam, K. (2002). Depression: Perspectives from affective neuroscience. Annual Review of Psychology, 53, 545-574.

Seminowicz, D.A., Mayberg, H.S. et al. (2004). Limbic-frontal circuitry in major depression: A path modeling meta-analysis, Neuroimage, 22, 409-418.

Sheline, Y. I. (2003). Neuroimaging studies of mood disorder effects on the brain. Biological Psychiatry, 54, 338-352.

Drevets, W. C. (2003). Neuroimaging abnormalities in the amygdala in mood disorders. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences, 98, 420-444.
Drevets, W. C. (2001). Neuroimaging and neuropathological studies of depression: Implications for the cognitive-emotional features of mood disorders. Current Opinion in Neurobiology, 11, 240-249.

Jacobs, B. L. (2004). Depression. The brain finally gets into the act. Current Directions in Psychological Science, 13, 103-106.

Sapolsky, R. M. (2004). Is impaired neurogenesis relevant to the affective symptoms of depression? Biological Psychiatry, 56, 137-139.

Duman, R. S. (2004) Depression: A case of neuronal life and death? Biological Psychiatry, 56, 140-145.

Henn, F. A. & Vollmayr, B. (2004) Neurogenesis and depression: Etiology or epiphenomenon? Biological Psychiatry, 56, 146-150.

Mayberg, H. S. (2003). Modulating dysfunctional limbic-cortical circuits in depression: Towards development of brain-based algorithms for diagnosis and optimized treatment. British Medical Bulletin, 65, 193-207.

Heller, W., & Nitschke, J. B. (1997). Regional brain activity in emotion: A framework for understanding cognition in depression. Cognition and Emotion, 11, 637-661.

Heller, W., & Nitschke, J. B. (1998). The puzzle of the regional brain activity in depression and anxiety: The importance of subtypes and comorbidity. Cognition and Emotion, 12, 421-447.

MacQueen, G. M., Campbell, S., McEwen, B. S., MacDonald. K., Amano, S., Joffe, R. T., Nahmias, C., & young, L. T. (2003). Course of illness, hippocampal function, and hippocampal volume in major depression. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 1000, 1387-1392.
Davidson, R. J., Abercombie, H., Nitschke, J. B., & Putnam, K. (1999). Regional brain function, emotion and disorders of emotion. Current Opinion in Neurobiology, 9, 228-234.
Rajkowska, G. (2000). Postmortem studies in mood disorders indicate altered numbers on neurons and glial cells. Biological Psychiatry, 48, 766-777.
Caspi, A., Sugden, K., Moffitt, T. E., Taylor, A., Crag, I. W., Harrington, H., McClay, J., Mill, J., Martin, J., Braithwaite, A., & Poulton, R. (2003). Influence of life stress on depression: Moderation by a polymorphism in the 5-HTT gene, Science, 301, 386-389.

October 26, Class 6: LHPA axis in depression and PTSD

*Raison, C. L. & Miller, A. H. (2003). When not enough is too much: The role of insufficient glucocorticoid signaling in the pathophysiology of stress-related disorders. American Journal of Psychiatry, 160, 1554-65.

Gold, P. W., Drevets, W. C., & Charney, D. S. (2002). New insights into the role of cortisol and the glucocorticoid receptor in severe depression. Biological Psychiatry, 52, 381-385.

Pariante, C. M. (2003). Depression, stress and the adrenal axis. Journal of Neuroendocrinology, 15, 811-812

*Sapolsky, R. M. (2003). Taming stress. Scientific American, 289, 86-95.

Belanoff, J. K., Rothschild, A. J., Cassidy, F., DeBattista, C., Baulieu E.-E., Schold, C., & Schatzberg A. F. (2002). An open label trial of C-1073 (mifepristone) for psychotic major depression. Biological Psychiatry, 52, 386-392.

Young, E. A., Lopez, J. F., Murphy-Weinberg, V., Watson, S. J., & Akil, H. (2003). Mineralocorticoid receptor function in major depression. Archives of General Psychiatry, 60, 24-28.

Young, E. A., Haskett, R. F., Murphy-Weinberg, V., Watson, S. J., & Akil, H. (1991). Loss of glucocorticoid fast feedback in depression. Archives of General Psychiatry, 48, 693-699.

Pariante, C. M., & Miller, A. H. (2002). Glucocorticoid receptors in major depression: Relevance to pathophysiology and treatment. Biological Psychiatry, 49, 391-404.

Pariante, C. M., & Miller, A. H. (2002). Glucocorticoid receptors in major depression: Relevance to pathophysiology and treatment. Biological Psychiatry, 49, 391-404.

Gilbertson, M. W., Shenton, N.E., Cizewski, A., Kasai, K., Lasko, N.B., Orr, S. P., & Pitman, R. K. (2002). Smaller hippocampal volume predicts pathologic vulnerability to psychological trauma. Nature Neuroscience, 5, 1242-1247.

Sapolsky, R.M. (2002). Chickens, eggs, and hippocampal atrophy. Nature Neuroscience, 5, 1111-1113.
Meaney, M. J. (2001). Maternal care, gene expression, and the transmission of individual differences in stress reactivity across generations. Annual Review of Neuroscience, 24, 1161-1192.
Sapolsky, R.M. (2003). Taming stress. Scientific American, 289, 86-95.
Sapolsky, R.M. (2000). The possibility of neurotoxicity in the hippocampus in major depression: A primer on neuron death. Biological Psychiatry, 48, 755-765.
Drevets, W. C., Price, J. L., Bardgett, M. E., Reich, T., Todd, R. D., & Raichle, M. E. (2002). Glucose metabolism in the amygdala in depression: relationship to diagnostic subtype and plasma cortisol levels.Pharmacology, Biochemistry & Behavior, 71, 431-447.
Reul, J., & Holsboer, F. (2002). Corticotropin-releasing factor receptors 1 and 2 anxiety and depression. Current Opinion in Pharmacology, 2, 23-33.

November 2, Class 7: Biological perspectives on addiction and substance-related disorders (Anne Kelley: guest lecturer)

Kelley, A.E., & Berridge, K.C. (2002). The neuroscience of natural rewards: Relevance to addictive drugs. Journal of Neuroscience, 22, 3306-3311.

Koob, G. F., Ahmed, S. H., Boutrel, B., Chen S. A., Kenny, P. J., Markou, A., O'Dell, L. E., Parsons, L. H., & Sanna, P. P. (2003). Neurobiological mechanisms in the transition from drug use to drug dependence. Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews, 27, 739-749.

Koob, G. F. & Le Moal, M. (2001). Drug addiction, dysregulation of reward, and allostasis. Neuropsychopharmacology, 24, 97-129.

Goldstein RZ. & Volkow ND. (2002). Drug addiction and its underlying neurobiological basis: neuroimaging evidence for the involvement of the frontal cortex. American Journal of Psychiatry, 159, 1642-52.

November 9, Class 8: Biological perspectives on food intake and eating disorders (Anne Kelley: guest lecturer)

Klein DA. & Walsh BT. (2004). Eating disorders: clinical features and pathophysiology. Physiology & Behavior, 81, 359-74.

Kelley AE. (2004). Ventral striatal control of appetitive motivation: role in ingestive behavior and reward-related learning. Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews, 27, 765-76.

Hanlon EC. Baldo BA. Sadeghian K. & Kelley AE. (2004). Increases in food intake or food-seeking behavior induced by GABAergic, opioid, or dopaminergic stimulation of the nucleus accumbens: is it hunger?. Psychopharmacology, 172, 241-7.

November 16, Class 9: Biological perspectives on psychopathy (Joe Newman: guest lecturer)

Newman, J. P., Hiatt, K. D., & MacCoon, D. G. (in press). Cognitive and affective neuroscience in disinhibitory psychopathology: Summary and integration. In D. Barch (Ed.) Cognitive and Affective Neuroscience of Psychopathology, Oxford University Press.

Blair, R. J. R. (in press). Understanding the development of the psychopathic individual: An affective cognitive neuroscience approach. In D. Barch (Ed.) Cognitive and Affective Neuroscience of Psychopathology,, Oxford University Press.

Ishikawa, S. S., & Raine, A. (in press). Contributions of prefrontal lobe subregions to antisocial and aggressive behavior. In D. Barch (Ed.) Cognitive and Affective Neuroscience of Psychopathology, Oxford University Press.

November 23, Class 10: Biological perspectives on schizophrenia (Giulio Tononi: guest Lecturer)

*Callicot, J. H. (2003). An expanded role for functional neuroimaging in schizophrenia. Current Opinion in Neurobiology, 13, 256-260.
*Sawa, A., & Snyder, S. H. (2002). Schizophrenia: Diverse approaches to a complex disease. Science, 26, 692-695.
Thaker, G. K., & Carpenter, W. T. (2001). Advances in schizophrenia. Nature Medicine, 7, 667-671.
Kuperberg, G., & Heckers, S. (2000). Schizophrenia and cognitive function. Current Opinion in Neurobiology, 10, 205-210.

November 30, Class 11: Biological perspectives on developmental psychopathology

*Krause, K., Dresel, S. H., Krause, J., la Fougere, C., & Ackenheil, M. (2003). The dopamine transporter and neuroimaging in attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. Neuroscience and Behavioral Reviews, 27, 605-613.
*Coe, C. L., Kramer, M., Czeh, B., Gould, E., Reeves, A. J., Kirschbaum, C. et al. (2003). Prenatal stress diminishes neurogenesis in the dentate gyrus of juvenile rhesus monkeys. Biological Psychiatry, 54, 1025-1034.
Zahn-Waxler, C., Klimes-Doughan, B., & Slattery, M. J. (2000). Internalizing problems of childhood and adolescence: Prospects, pitfalls, and progress in understanding the development of anxiety and depression. Development and Psychopathology, 12, 443-466.
Buss, K. A., Malmstadt Schumacher, J. R., Dolski, I., Kalin, N. H., Goldsmith, H. H., & Davidson, R. J. (2003). Right frontal brain activity, cortisol, and withdrawal behavior in 6-month-old infants. Behavioral Neuroscience, 117, 11-20.
Schwartz, C. E., Wright, C. I., Shin, L. M., Kagan, J., & Rauch, S. L. (2003). Inhibited and uninhibited infants "grown up": Adult amygdalar response to novelty. Science, 300, 1952-1953.
Wilens, T. E., Biederman, J., & Spencer, T. J. (2002). Attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder across the lifespan. Annual Review of Medicine, 53, 113-131.
Mostofsky, S. H., Cooper, K. L., Kates, W. R., Denckla, M. B., & Kaufman, W. E. (2002). Smaller prefrontal and premotor volumes in boys with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. Biological Psychiatry, 52, 785-794.
Thomas, K. M., Drevets, W. C., Dahl, R. E., Ryan, N. D., Birmaher, B., Eccard, C. H., Axelson, D., Whalen, P. J., & Casey, B. J. (2001). Amygdala response to fearful faces in anxious and depressed children. Archives of General Psychiatry, 58, 1057-1063.
McClure, E. B., Pope, K., Hoberman, A. J., Pine, D. S., & Leibenluft, E. (2003). Facial expression recognition in adolescents with mood and anxiety disorders. American Journal of Psychiatry, 160, 1172-1174.
Pollak, S. D., & Kistler, D. J. (2002). Early experience is associated with the development of categorical representations for facial expressions of emotion. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 99, 9072-9076.
Pollak, S. D., & Sinha, P. (2002). Effects of early experience in children's recognition of facial displays of emotion. Developmental Psychology, 38, 784-791.

December 7, Class 12: Biology and the treatment of psychopathology
*Kandel, E. R. (1998). A new intellectual framework for psychiatry. American Journal of Psychiatry, 155, 457-469.

*Pariante, C. M., Thomas, S. A., Lovestone, S., Makoff, A., & Kerwin, R. W. (2004). Do antidepressants regulate how cortisol affects the brain? Psychoneuroendocrinology, 29, 423-447.

Vermetten, E., Vythilingam, M., Southwick, S. M., Charney, D. S., & Bremner, J. D. (2003). Long-term treatment with paroxetine increases verbal declarative memory and hippocampal volume in posttraumatic stress disorder. Biological Psychiatry, 54, 693-702.

Young, E. A., Altemus, M., Lopez, J. F., Kocsis, J. H., Schatzberg, A. F., deBattista, C., & Zubieta, J.-K. (2004). HPA axis activation in major depression and response to fluoxetine: A pilot study. Psychoneuroendocrinology, 29, 1198-1204.

Goldapple, K., Segal, Z., Garson, C., Lau, M., Bieling, P., Kennedy, S., & Mayberg, H. (2004). Modulation of cortical-limbic pathways in major depression: Treatment-specific effects of cognitive behavior therapy. Archives of General Psychiatry, 61, 34-41.

Brody, A. L., Saxena, S., Stoessel, P., Gillies, L. A., Fairbanks, L. A., Alborzian, S., Phelps, N.E., Huang, S., Wu, H., Ho, M. L., Ho, M. K., Au, S. C., Maidment, K., & Baxter, L. R. (2001)., Regional brain metabolic changes in patients with major depression treated with either paroxetine or interpersonal therapy: Preliminary findings. Archives of General Psychiatry, 159, 728-737.

Mayberg, H. S., Silva, J. A., Brannan, S. K., Tekell, J. L., Mahurin, R. K., McGinnis, S., & Jarabek, P. A. (2002). The functional neuroanatomy of the placebo effect. American Journal of Psychiatry, 159, 728-737.
Keller, M.B. et al. (2000). A comparison of nefazodone, the cognitive behavioral-analysis system of psychotherapy, and their combination for the treatment of chronic depression. The New England Journal of Medicine, 342(20), 1462-1470.

Arnow, B. A. & Constantino, M. J. (2003). Effectiveness of psychotherapy and combination treatment for chronic depression. Journal of Clinical Psychology, 59, 893-905.

George, M. (2003). Stimulating the brain. Scientific American, 289, 66-73.

Klein, E., Kreinin, I., Chistyakov, A., Koren, D., Mecz, L., Marmur, S., Ben-Shachar, D., & Feinsod, M. (1999). Therapeutic efficacy of right prefrontal slow repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation in major depression: A double-blind controlled study. Archives of General Psychiatry, 56, 315-320.
George, M. S., Lisanby, S. H., & Sackeim, H. A. (1999). Transcranial magnetic stimulation: Applications in neuropsychiatry. Archives of General Psychiatry, 56, 300-311.

December 14, Class 13: Biological perspectives on psychopathology: Synthesis and Review

Biology of Psychopathology seminar syllabus, Fall 2003

Reading Assignments
Dates:

September 21, Class 1: Biological perspectives on the psychopathology: Introduction and overview

September 28, Class 2:Key biological systems in emotion: Functional neuroanatomy and LHPA axis

October 5, Class 3: Emotion regulation and dysregulation

October 12, Class 4: Basic and clinical neuroscience of fear and anxiety

October 19, Class 5: Functional neuroanatomy of depression

October 26, Class 6: LHPA axis in depression and PTSD

November 2, Class 7: Biological perspectives on addiction and substance-related disorders (Anne Kelley: guest lecturer)

November 9, Class 8: Biological perspectives on food intake and eating disorders (Anne Kelley: guest lecturer)

November 16, Class 9: Biological perspectives on psychopathy (Joe Newman: guest lecturer)

November 23, Class 10: Biological perspectives on schizophrenia (Giulio Tononi: guest Lecturer)

November 30, Class 11: Biological perspectives on developmental psychopathology

December 7, Class 12: Biology and the treatment of psychopathology

December 14, Class 13: Biological perspectives on psychopathology: Synthesis and Review


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